(2004), "Effect of cyclic thermal loading on the performance of steel H-piles in integral bridges with stub-abutments", J. (2003), "Maximum length of integral bridges supported on steel H-piles driven in sand", Eng. (2005), "Response evaluation for horizontally loaded fixed-head pile groups using 3-D non-linear analysis", Int. (2007), "Integral abutment bridge behavior: Parametric analysis of a Massachusetts bridge", J.
![msew program msew program](http://www.eazysoft.co.kr/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/menuload04.png)
(2010), "Reinforcement Effect of Steel-Concrete Composite Group Piles by Numerical Analysis", J. (1997), "Settlement of bridge approaches: (the bump at the end of the bridge) NCHRP Synthesis 234", Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. (2002), "Experimental and analytical investigations of piles and abutments of integral bridges", Virginia Department of Transportation, pp. (2011), "Numerical analysis of the behaviour of mechanically stabilized earth walls reinforced with different types of strips", Geotext. After our overall review, we determined that the mixed MSEW and the MIP abutments are the most appropriate abutment types to improve driving comfort by taking the highway conditions in Korea into consideration.ĪASHTO (2002), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 17th Edition.Ībdelouhab, A., Dias, D. However, this abutment can cause problems with respect to serviceability and maintenance due to excessive settlements. The true MSEW abutment demonstrated the most excellent driving comfort. Finally, the driving comfort on each candidate abutment was evaluated using a vehicle dynamic simulation.
![msew program msew program](https://www.advanceduninstaller.com/images/aup/f6defa8d6897e13455d7f2896c5dfc8a.jpg)
Subsequently, the settlements of each candidate abutment, approach slabs, and paved surfaces of the bridges were reviewed. Finite element analysis was performed using the design section of the candidate abutments. To achieve this objective, a traditional T-type abutment and three types of candidate abutments, namely, mechanically stabilized earth wall (MSEW) abutment supported by a shallow foundation (called "true MSEW abutment"), MSEW abutment supported by piles (called "mixed MSEW abutment"), and pile bent and integral abutment with MSEW (called "MIP abutment"), were selected to consider their design and economic feasibility. This study evaluated the driving comfort of several types of abutments to improve driving comfort on the abutment. In addition, a differential settlement between the abutment and embankment, as well as the expansion joints, causes driving discomfort.
![msew program msew program](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S027858462100021X-gr5.jpg)
However, the cross section of inverted T-type abutments is large compared with the piers, which makes them more expensive. This type of abutment is used because it has greater stability, with more pile foundations embedded in the bedrock, while simultaneously providing support for lateral earth pressure and vertical loads of superstructures. The inverted T-type abutments are generally used in highway bridges constructed in Korea.